jak-project/game/kernel/asm_funcs_arm64.s

;; GOAL Runtime assembly functions. These exist only in the arm64 version of GOAL.
;; - https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/writing-arm64-code-for-apple-platforms#Pass-arguments-to-functions-correctly
;; - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention#ARM_(A64)
;; - https://student.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~cs452/docs/rpi4b/aapcs64.pdf
;; - s16–s31 (d8–d15, q4–q7) must be preserved
;; - s0–s15 (d0–d7, q0–q3) and d16–d31 (q8–q15) do not need to be preserved
;; - https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20220728-00/?p=106912
;; - ;; - https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse469/19wi/arm64.pdf

.text

;; Call C++ code on arm64 systems, from GOAL.
;; Following the macOS documentation which mostly aligns with standard arm64
.global _arg_call_arm64
.align 4
_arg_call_arm64:
  stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
  mov	x29, sp
  ldr x8, [sp], #16

  ; Putting an exclamation point after the close-bracket 
  ; means that the calculated effective address is written back to the base register. (pre-indexing)
  stp q15, q14, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q13, q12, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q11, q10, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q9, q8, [sp, #-32]!

  blr x8

  ldp q9, q8, [sp], #32
  ldp q10, q11, [sp], #32
  ldp q12, q13, [sp], #32
  ldp q14, q15, [sp], #32

  ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #16
  ret


;; Call C++ code on arm64 systems, from GOAL. 
;; 
;; Put arguments on the stack and put a pointer to this array in the first arg.
;; this function pushes all 8 OpenGOAL registers into a stack array.
;; then it calls the function pointed to by x0 (RAX in x86) with a pointer to this array.
;; it returns the return value of the called function.
.global _stack_call_arm64
.align 4
_stack_call_arm64:
  stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
  mov	x29, sp
  ldr x8, [sp], #16

  stp q15, q14, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q13, q12, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q11, q10, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q9, q8, [sp, #-32]!

  ; create stack array of arguments
  ; arg 7 (R11 in x86)
  ; arg 6 (R10 in x86)
  ; arg 5 (R8 in x86)
  ; arg 4 (R8 in x86)
  ; arg 3 (RCX in x86)
  ; arg 2 (RDX in x86)
  ; arg 1 (RSI in x86)
  ; arg 0 (RDI in x86)
  stp x7, x6, [sp, #-16]!
  stp x5, x4, [sp, #-16]!
  stp x3, x2, [sp, #-16]!
  stp x1, x0, [sp, #-16]!

  ; set first argument
  mov x19, sp
  ; call function
  blr x8
  ; restore arguments
  ldp x1, x0, [sp], #16
  ldp x3, x2, [sp], #16
  ldp x5, x4, [sp], #16
  ldp x7, x6, [sp], #16

  ldp q9, q8, [sp], #32
  ldp q10, q11, [sp], #32
  ldp q12, q13, [sp], #32
  ldp q14, q15, [sp], #32

  ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #16
  ; return!
  ret

;; Call c++ code through mips2c.
;; GOAL will call a dynamically generated trampoline.
;; The trampoline will have pushed the exec function and stack offset onto the stack
.global _mips2c_call_arm64
.align 4
_mips2c_call_arm64:
  stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
  mov	x29, sp
  ;; TODO - this is really weird using half an XMM, this makes the arm assembly
  ;; more difficult - this probably isn't required for arm?
  ;; grab the address to call and put it in xmm0
  ;; TODO - this stack pointer manipulation might be a problem for ARM64 which requires 16byte alignment
  ;; sub sp, 8
  ldr q0, [sp, #+16]
  ;; grab the stack offset
  ldr x0, [sp, #+8]

  ;; first, save quadword registers
  stp q15, q14, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q13, q12, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q11, q10, [sp, #-32]!
  stp q9, q8, [sp, #-32]!

  ; NOTE - in x86 the 2 special registers are saved (R10 and R11)
  ; we don't need to do that in ARM64, there are plenty of registers to work with

  ;; oof
  sub sp, sp, 1280
  str x0, [sp, #+64] ; arg 0 (RDI in x86) and 
  str x1, [sp, #+80] ; arg 1 (RSI in x86)
  str x2, [sp, #+96] ; arg 2 (RDX in x86) and arg 3 (RCX in x86)
  str x3, [sp, #+112] ; arg 2 (RDX in x86) and arg 3 (RCX in x86)
  str x4, [sp, #+128] ; arg 4 (R8 in x86) and arg 5 (R8 in x86)
  str x5, [sp, #+144] ; arg 4 (R8 in x86) and arg 5 (R8 in x86)
  str x6, [sp, #+160] ; arg 6 (R10 in x86) and arg 7 (R11 in x86)
  str x7, [sp, #+176] ; arg 6 (R10 in x86) and arg 7 (R11 in x86)
  str x20, [sp, #+352] ;; s6 (pp) (R13 in x86) and s7 (st) (R14 in x86)
  str x21, [sp, #+368] ;; s6 (pp) (R13 in x86) and s7 (st) (R14 in x86)

  mov x0, sp ; move the stack pointer to arg 0
  sub x0, x0, x22 ; R15 is a "special" offset TODO - whats special about it?
  str x0, [sp, #+464] ;; mip2c code's MIPS stack

  mov x0, sp ;; move the stack pointer to the new position

  sub sp, sp, x8 ;; allocate space on the stack for GOAL fake stack
  stp x8, x8, [sp, #-16]! ;; and remember this so we can find our way back

  ;; TODO - this used to be a movq rax, xmm0
  ;; TODO - not sure why an `xmm` was used because that movq only uses the lower 64bits anyway
  mov x0, v0.d[0] ; represents the lower 64 bits of q0
  blr x8 ;; call!

  ;; unallocate
  ldp x8, x8, [sp], #16
  add sp, sp, x8

  ldr x8, [sp, #+32]

  add sp, sp, 1280 ; reset the stackpointer back

  ldp q9, q8, [sp], #32
  ldp q10, q11, [sp], #32
  ldp q12, q13, [sp], #32
  ldp q14, q15, [sp], #32

  add sp, sp, 24 ;; 16 for the stuff pushed by trampoline
  ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #16
  ret

;; The _call_goal_asm function is used to call a GOAL function from C.
;; It calls on the parent stack, which is a bad idea if your stack is not already a GOAL stack.
;; It supports up to 3 arguments and a return value.
;; This should be called with the arguments:
;; - first goal arg
;; - second goal arg
;; - third goal arg
;; - address of function to call
;; - address of the symbol table
;; - GOAL memory space offset
.global _call_goal_asm_arm64
.align 4
_call_goal_asm_arm64:
  stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
  mov	x29, sp
  ;; saved registers we need to modify for GOAL should be preserved
  ; ARM64 requires 16-byte stack pointer alignment
  stp x20, x21, [sp, #-16]!
  str x22, [sp, #-16]!

  ;; x0 - first arg
  ;; x1 - second arg
  ;; x2 - third arg
  ;; x3 - function pointer
  ;; x4 - st (goes in x20 and x21)
  ;; x5 - off (goes in x22)

  ;; set GOAL process
  mov x20, x4
  ;; symbol table
  mov x21, x4
  ;; offset
  mov x22, x5
  ;; call GOAL by function pointer
  blr x3

  ;; restore saved registers.
  ldr x22, [sp], #16
  ldp x20, x21, [sp], #16
  ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #16
  ret

.global _call_goal8_asm_arm64
.align 4
_call_goal8_asm_arm64:
  stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
  mov	x29, sp
  ;; saved registers we need to modify for GOAL should be preserved
  ; ARM64 requires 16-byte stack pointer alignment
  stp x20, x21, [sp, #-16]!
  str x22, [sp, #-16]!

  ;; x0 - first arg (func)
  ;; x1 - second arg (arg array)
  ;; x2 - third arg  (0)
  ;; x3 - pp (goes in r13)
  ;; x4  - st (goes in r14)
  ;; x5  - off (goes in r15)

  ;; set GOAL function pointer
  mov x20, x3
  ;; st
  mov x21, x4
  ;; offset
  mov x22, x5
  ;; move function to temp
  mov x8, x0
  ;; extract arguments
  ldr x0, [x1]  ;; 0
  ldr x2, [x1, #+16] ;; 2
  ldr x3, [x1, #+24] ;; 3
  ldr x4, [x1, #+32]  ;; 4
  ldr x5, [x1, #+40]  ;; 5
  ldr x6, [x1, #+48] ;; 6
  ldr x7, [x1, #+56]  ;; 7
  ldr x1, [x1, #+8] ;; 1 (do this last)
  ;; call GOAL by function pointer
  blr x8

  ;; retore registers.
  ldr x22, [sp], #16
  ldp x20, x21, [sp], #16
  ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #16
  ret

;; Call goal, but switch stacks.
.global _call_goal_on_stack_asm_arm64
.align 4
_call_goal_on_stack_asm_arm64:
  stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
  mov	x29, sp
  ;; x0 - stack pointer
  ;; x1 - unused
  ;; x2 - unused
  ;; x3 - function pointer
  ;; x4  - st (goes in x21 and x20)
  ;; x5  - offset (goes in x22)

  ;; saved registers we need to modify for GOAL should be preserved
  ; ARM64 requires 16-byte stack pointer alignment
  stp x20, x21, [sp, #-16]!
  ;; also stash the current stack pointer on the stack
  ;; NOTE - you cannot directly store or load the `sp` register in arm64
  mov x9, sp
  stp x22, x9, [sp, #-16]!

  ;; switch to new stack
  mov sp, x0

  mov x20, x4 ;; set GOAL function pointer  
  mov x21, x4 ;; symbol table
  mov x22, x5 ;; offset
  ;; call GOAL by function pointer
  blr x3

  ;; restore registers
  ldp x22, x9, [sp], #16
  mov sp, x9
  ldp x20, x21, [sp], #16
  ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #16
  ret